Singapore is an island nation and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia, formally known as the Republic of Singapore. Off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula, it is situated about one degree of latitude (137 kilometers or 85 miles) north of the equator, bordered to the west by the Strait of Malacca, to the south by the Singapore Strait, to the east by the South China Sea, and to the north by the Straits of Johor. One main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one offshore islet make up the country’s territory; its total area has grown by 25% since the nation gained its independence as a consequence of massive land reclamation initiatives. Despite having a lot of open space, it has the second-highest population density of any nation in the world.urban planning has produced parks and other recreational areas. Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. This diversity of its people is reflected in these languages, which also reflect the cultural identities of the various ethnic groups in the country. The lingua franca, English is used exclusively in many public services. The constitution explicitly recognizes multiracialism, which continues to influence national policies in housing, politics, and education.